Driven by the immense need for transmission capacity and low cost per bit requirements, optical transport networks are shifting to more complex technologies such as advanced coherent modulation formats, high speed digital signal processing, optical performance monitoring and flexible grid management of the optical spectrum resources. In addition, security threats related to optical networking are becoming more significant due the move to cloud networking, especially driven by social media, IT outsourcing, increased mobility and the need for access “at any time, from anywhere”. We review key technologies enabling the deployment of the high capacity and secured optical networks and discuss their challenges.